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Agency agreements, branches, representative offices and even remote employees can lead to recognition of a permanent establishment (PE) if the criteria of independence and substance are not met. Criteria for an independent agent and their verification To minimize risks it is important to: Conclude an agency agreement taking into account the requirements for agent independence: […]

Types of bank licenses Types of bank licenses determine which financial operations credit institutions are allowed to carry out, and banks can operate only after obtaining one of such authorizations from the Central Bank. Each license type sets its own requirements and limits of authority for the bank, which is important to consider when launching […]

Legal disputes and financial claims after closing are a real risk for international M&A deals in Europe and Asia. Claims under representations and warranties can be significant, especially in deals with a cross-border element and multiple jurisdictions. Why do even experienced entrepreneurs and CFOs continue to lose millions to hidden risks despite due diligence and […]

Offshore jurisdictions and the economic situation have undergone significant changes in recent years: some jurisdictions are losing relevance, while others are introducing new requirements for transparency and reporting. This has created a new economic environment in which businesses must take into account global reforms, changing regulation and increased scrutiny when choosing an offshore structure. Regulation […]

In 2025 the corporate world faced a phenomenon that just five years earlier seemed like science fiction: virtual colleagues and intelligent AI agents are already able to perform a month's worth of work in hours, and their cognitive AI systems are becoming an integral part of the strategic infrastructure of international companies. According to McKinsey, […]

In 2023, global public debt reached 93% of global GDP, and the cost of servicing the debt rose to a historic high. Over the past three years, more than 40% of international companies have faced restricted access to credit and a sharp increase in inflation risks. At the same time, the volume of institutional investments […]

In 2024 more than 180 global corporations announced the relocation of their regional headquarters to Riyadh, and the total volume of foreign direct investment in KSA grew by 20% year-on-year: this is not just a statistic, but a signal of fundamental changes on the global business map. Why do international companies overwhelmingly choose a local […]

Strategic failures in international companies are often due not to calculation errors, but to errors in people's behavior: this is confirmed by the practice of COREDO. Why, despite access to the best data and analytics, do leaders in Europe, Asia and the CIS continue to face unexpected breakdowns in management, negotiations and investments? The reason: […]

International companies can face legal and operational risks due to insufficiently clearly defined powers of the director and ineffective corporate governance. In the era of globalization, when Registration of legal entities in the EU, Asia and Africa becomes part of a scaling strategy, the role of the company director goes far beyond formal leadership. Today, […]

HR compliance in international companies is not just a formal observance of rules, but a whole system of approaches and standards aimed at meeting the requirements of different countries and industries. For international companies effective HR compliance becomes a key tool for minimizing legal risks, maintaining reputation and building trust in the global market. International […]

Loot boxes are digital containers with in-game items, purchased by players for real money or in-game currencies. Their key feature: a random outcome (“surprise mechanics”), which creates strong engagement and encourages repeat purchases. In the video game business model, loot boxes provide a steady cash flow, increase user LTV and allow flexible monetization management. The […]

Fund administration in private equity real estate is a key element of effective management of investment funds focused on real estate. Proper organization of fund administration ensures transparency, control and compliance with investor requirements, and also protects the interests of all market participants. Functions of a fund administrator for private equity Fund administration: it is […]

The question "Does my business fall under the DSA or DMA?": crucial for strategic planning and risk assessment. Criterion DSA (Digital Services Act) DMA (Digital Markets Act) Who it applies to All digital intermediaries, platforms, VLOP/VLOSE Only systemic platforms - gatekeepers Key thresholds 45 million users (VLOP) 45 million users, 10,000 business users, €7.5 billion […]

Rolling funds, built on a subscription investment model, are a format used by new private equity and venture funds in Europe and Asia. Why are rolling funds becoming the key tool for strategic growth and portfolio diversification right now? How can you ensure investment flexibility and transparency for LPs/GPs without losing control over risks and […]

In 2025, more than 60% of large companies from Europe, Asia and the CIS are considering creating a cryptocurrency or integrating blockchain solutions into their business processes. But why, despite the obvious advantages — from optimizing settlements to access to new capital markets — do less than 10% of these initiatives reach a successful launch […]

In international trade, trade tariffs are not just duties on importing or exporting goods. They are a complex system of instruments, including: Ad valorem and specific duties (a percentage of value or a fixed rate per unit of goods), Seasonal tariffs, Tariff quotas, Antidumping measures, Tariff escalation (higher rates on higher value-added products). Each of […]

In 2025, the tax burden on businesses still varies widely across EU countries: the difference between countries exceeds a threefold gap. While some jurisdictions are tightening control and introducing new requirements for substance and tax transparency, others continue to offer attractive conditions for international companies and investors. Many entrepreneurs planning international expansion are considering registering […]

In 2025, according to the Edelman Trust Barometer, the level of trust in companies became a key factor for partners, investors and regulators. More than 70% of corporate clients in Europe and Asia state that when choosing a supplier or partner their decision directly depends on the supplier's or partner's business reputation and the transparency […]

Countries with no cryptocurrency tax in 2025 continue to attract investors and digital-asset enthusiasts seeking maximum freedom from tax obligations. In the coming year such jurisdictions are becoming increasingly rare, but still offer real tax-free opportunities for those who carefully plan and comply with local requirements. Below we will examine which countries offer the most […]

Many European and Asian IT startups face blocks on international payments and restricted access to investments because of an unfortunate choice of jurisdiction for registration of the company, which shows how strategic this choice is. Even more telling: legal risks related to compliance, taxation and intellectual property protection are a recurring reason innovative IT projects […]

Hong Kong company re-domiciliation regime: this is a legislative option for foreign companies to transfer their legal address and corporate identity to Hong Kong, while preserving business continuity, assets, liabilities and corporate structure. Unlike the classic company registration in Hong Kong, re-domiciliation allows avoiding liquidation of the old company and creation of a new one […]

Many international companies deploying artificial intelligence have faced the risk of regulatory sanctions in the EU, and far from all of them were able to timely adapt their processes to the new AI regulation Europe requirements. This is not an abstraction: this is a reality that is changing the technology development strategy of businesses across […]

Many financial organizations in Europe have faced serious ICT incidents that led to direct losses and reputational damage, including attacks through complex supply chains. But are your business processes ready to withstand the next strike? How to ensure digital resilience of the business amid tightening EU regulatory requirements and the rapid digital transformation of financial […]

The choice of market-entry model, Employer of Record or your own legal entity, carries real risk: one inaccurate estimate can cost a business millions of euros in missed opportunities, compliance fines, or loss of trust from local partners. Why do even experienced CEOs and CFOs make mistakes in this choice? How to avoid traps and […]

In 2024 European tax authorities collected more than €1.2 trillion in Value Added Tax, which is nearly 7% of the EU's GDP. Yet annual budget losses due to errors and non-compliance with VAT rules in the EU exceed €90 billion. Why do even experienced international companies face risks and fines despite automation and external support? […]

Leasing for business today is viewed as one of the most convenient forms of financing the purchase of machinery, vehicles and equipment - without the need to spend large sums upfront and withdraw funds from working capital. A systematic review of its mechanics and key benefits will help to understand what business leasing is and […]

In 2025 Thailand moved its crypto market to a clearer licensing and tax regime. Back in 2021 most international investors regarded Thailand as an "experimental site" for blockchain startups, and today the country sets regulatory standards for the whole region. Why the change? The reason is a bold reform: from 2025 new cryptocurrency regulation rules […]

Access to business loans remains a challenge for many small and medium-sized enterprises in the EU and Asia. In conditions where access to corporate financing becomes a strategic advantage, choosing the right lending instrument determines not only the pace of growth but also the company's resilience on the international market. Why do some businesses scale […]

Monaco is not only prestige, but also a unique combination of strategic advantages: A transparent and stable legal system based on French civil law, but with a number of its own corporate features. Strict international AML/KYC standards: company registration in Monaco is accompanied by multi-level verification of sources of funds, beneficial ownership and corporate structure. […]

In 2025 the virtual assets market in the UAE is showing exponential growth: the volume of cryptocurrency transactions in the region exceeded $35 billion, and Dubai has become one of the three global hubs for crypto business and fintech startups. But behind this success lies strict regulation: only 11% of companies that applied for a […]

Indirect investments are capital investments through investment funds, financial brokers, trust management, or other intermediary structures, where the investor does not gain direct control over the investment object. This approach is widely used for portfolio diversification, risk reduction, and quick access to various markets, especially in conditions of high volatility. Indirect Investments and the Role […]

Monaco attracts international business with its stability and status. Behind this lies not only prestige but also a complex set of challenges for international business: from complex registration procedures to the necessity of strict compliance and working with banks that demand high transparency standards. Why do major family offices, tech startups, and international holdings choose […]

Transnational companies regularly face international arbitration disputes, and the sums at stake are significant. According to ICC statistics for 2024, the average amount in dispute in new cases was about USD 130 million, and the median was about USD 5 million. So why is business increasingly choosing the arbitration procedure? In the context of globalization […]

Every day in the Forex market, currency operations exceed $7 trillion – more than the GDP of most countries in the world. Behind this impressive figure lies not only global liquidity but also threats invisible to many entrepreneurs: from sudden regulatory changes to complex fraud schemes that can jeopardize even a stable business. Why does […]

Regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges in Malta now rests on the EU-wide MiCA Regulation, and supervision lies with the MFSA (Malta Financial Services Authority). The Regulation has applied since 30 December 2024, and the transitional period for Maltese VFA licenses ended on 30 June 2026. A new crypto exchange therefore needs authorisation from the MFSA as […]

In 2023, the global volume of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) exceeded $1.37 trillion, while Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPI) amounted to $3.2 trillion. However, many companies engaging in foreign investments fail to achieve sustainable growth in new markets. This highlights the gap between desired and actual outcomes for many international investors. Why do some foreign investment […]

For every new fintech unicorn, there are many startups that never achieve the coveted $1 billion valuation. But why have fintech unicorns become the symbol of disruptive innovations and digital transformation in the financial industry, rather than just another wave of startups in fintech? Today, every company aspiring to lead in financial technologies faces two […]

Daily turnover on the global forex market reached $9.6 trillion in April 2025, and the Caribbean region has become one of the most discussed destinations for licensing brokerage companies. However, behind the "business on the beach" facade lie not only opportunities but also potential pitfalls: from tightening global AML requirements to banking service challenges and […]

Digital asset markets keep growing, and more and more countries are adopting their own cryptocurrency regulatory frameworks. Barbados, an offshore jurisdiction with a rapidly developing legal infrastructure, became a hub for international crypto businesses seeking flexibility, speed, and global reach. But why do dozens of entrepreneurs from the EU, Asia, and the CIS choose Barbados […]

Many major money laundering investigations in Europe and Asia are now uncovered thanks to blockchain analytics and the de-anonymization of cryptocurrency transactions. It might seem that the technology, which promised absolute privacy, has become transparent for regulators and analytical companies. So why, despite technological innovations, does the anonymity of cryptocurrencies remain one of the most […]

In 2024, the volume of assets under management by investment funds in Europe, Asia, and Africa exceeded $120 trillion, a figure comparable to the combined GDP of the world's leading economies. However, according to ESMA and MAS, up to 40% of private investors face legal and tax challenges when entering international markets, and every third […]

SRI and PRI are increasingly appearing in investment strategies, reflecting a new perspective on how capital can work not only for profit but also for societal benefit. Understanding what SRI and PRI mean in investing is important for anyone who wants to combine financial goals with personal values and a responsible approach to asset selection. […]

The global forex market exceeds $7 trillion in daily turnovers annually, but only a small percentage of brokers can legally and sustainably operate on an international level. Why? More than 60% of applications for obtaining a license for a forex broker in offshore jurisdictions are rejected due to non-compliance with AML/KYC standards and corporate governance. […]

According to UNODC, an estimated 2% to 5% of global GDP, or $800 billion to $2 trillion, is laundered worldwide every year. These funds not only fuel global crime but also undermine trust in international markets, creating reputational and sanction risks for companies entering new markets. In a landscape where regulators tighten control and banks […]

In 2024, there are over 1,500 licensed forex brokers operating in the UK market, with the total forex transactions in London exceeding $3.6 trillion per day: this is more than any other financial center in the world. Such impressive statistics reflect not just the scale but also the level of trust that clients and partners […]

Since 30 December 2024, the MiCA Regulation has applied throughout the EU, and crypto businesses in Luxembourg operate under its rules. The former national VASP registration no longer accepts new applicants: the law of 6 February 2025 repealed Article 7-1 of the 2004 law. The transitional period for already registered VASPs ended on 1 July […]

Cryptocurrency regulation in Argentina 2025 is entering a phase of profound changes: new standards of transparency, financial stability, and user protection are being implemented, affecting all participants in the virtual asset market. New laws and regulations, including Law 27739 and RG 994/2024, define key requirements for registration, compliance, and operations of crypto companies in the […]

Registration of a crypto company in Argentina requires careful study of the new legislative requirements and specifics of business registration procedures in the field of digital assets. One of the key stages: choosing a suitable legal form, as this determines the successful completion of the entire registration procedure and compliance with cryptocurrency market regulations. Moving […]

Forex License Dominica is a popular choice among brokers seeking a balance between favorable business conditions and ease of obtaining a license. In this section, we'll look at how to register a forex broker in Dominica and analyze the key advantages and disadvantages of this jurisdiction. Moving on to the process of registering a forex […]

In 2024, over 70% of all global cryptocurrency transactions are somehow related to American companies or infrastructure. This isn't just a figure - it's a signal that the USA remains a key market for digital assets and virtual currencies. However, American regulators have actively pursued violations in cryptocurrency operations, and individual settlements have reached billions […]